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International Journal of Advanced Research in Biotechnology
Vol. 2, No. 12, pp. 027-030, December, 2013
http://www.wrpjournals.com/IJARB
INHIBITORY POTENTIALS OF TINOSPORA CORDIFOLIA LEAF EXTRACTS AGAINST PATHOGENIC
BACTERIA AND COLON CANCER CELL LINE
1*
Florida Tilton,
1
Aneesh Nair, H.
2
Mumdhaj,
2
Sheik Abdulla and
2
Dheeba, B.
1
Biozone Research Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India
2
Department of Chemistry and Biosciences, SRC, SASTRA University, Kumbakonam, India
Herbal alternates are being preferred over synthetic medicines nowadays, owing to the side effects exhibited by them. Preliminary
investigations of the inhibitory potentials of Tinosporacordifolia leaf extracts against pathogenic bacteria and colon cancer cells were
analysed in the current study. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of various secondary metabolites in the crude leaf extract.
Upon studying the antibacterial efficiency of the extracts, the ethyl acetate and methanolic extract showed maximum inhibition against
Staphylococcus aureusand Aeromonashydrophila. 68% of HT29 cells treated with the ethyl acetate extract displayed cytotoxicity. A
laddering pattern was observed after DNA fragmentation assay was performed, hinting at the apoptosis induced by the ethyl acetate
extract.
Key words:
Antibacterial, Anti-cancer, DNA fragmentation, Cytotoxicity
INTRODUCTION
Plants are invaluable sources of pharmaceutical products
(Sadqui et al., 2006) and are recognized for their ability to
produce a wealth of secondary metabolites. Mankind has used
many species for centuries to treat a variety of disorders
(Olalde 2005). The complex secondary metabolites produced
by plants have found various therapeutic uses in medicine.
The early history of modern medicine contains descriptions of
plant-derived phytochemicals, many of which are still in use
for treatment (Rishton 2008). Traditional medicine refers to
the knowledge, application, approach and belief in
incorporating plant or animal based properties in remedies,
singularly or in combination, for the purpose of treating or
preventing disease as well as to maintain the well-being of an
individual (Mouli et al., 2009). Tinosporacordifolia (Guduchi)
is a widely used plant in folk and ayurvedic systems of
medicine (Kavitha et al., 2009). It is distributed throughout
tropical Indian subcontinent ascending from Himalayas down
to the southern part of peninsular India at an altitude of 300m
asl. It is also reported in neighboring countries like
Bangladesh, Pakistan and Sri Lanka (Preeti 2011). The leaves
are membranous, cordate and heart in shape.
The plant is well known, Indian, bitter and prescribed for
fevers, diabetes, dyspepsia, jaundice, urinary problems, skin
diseases, and chronic diarrhea and dysentery. It has been also
indicated useful in the treatment of heart diseases, leprosy,
helmenthiasis and rheumatoid arthritis. The starch obtained
from “guduchisatva” is highly nutritive, digestive and used in
many diseases (Kirtikar et al., 1933). The bitter principle
present shows antiperiodic, antispasmodic, anti-inflammatory.
anti-fertility and antipyretic properties (Dahanukar et al.,
1988). T.cordifolia has been reported to treat throat cancer in
humans (Nisha et al., 2005). This plant also possesses
antimicrobial activity against many pathogenic organisms
(Verma et al., 2011). Cancer is the second leading cause of
*Corresponding author: Florida Tilton,
Biozone Research Technologies Pvt. Ltd., Chennai, India
death (Hoyer et al., 2005), where one in four deaths is due to
cancer. Cancer is a major public health burden in both
developed and developing countries. It was estimated that
there were 10.9 million new cases, 6.7 million deaths, and
24.6 million persons living with cancer (Parkinet al.,
2002).The use of plant products in the treatment of cancer has
been of recent interest (Bauer 2000). In the current study, the
leaf extracts of the plant was subjected to phytochemical
studies and its antibacterial and anticancer properties were
recorded.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Plant Material Collection
The fresh leaves of Tinosporacordifolia were collected from
Irular Tribal Women Welfare Institute, Thandrai, Chengalpet,
Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The plant specimen was
identified by Dr. Narasimhan, Department of Botany, Madras
Christian College, Chennai. The collected plant leaves were
allowed for Shade drying for 4 days completely. The dried
samples were powdered with electrical blender and made into
coarse powder and used for further extraction.
Cell Line
The colon cancer cell line HT 29 was procured from National
Centre for Cell Line Sciences (NCCS) Pune.
Sequential extraction
About 50 gm of dry sample was weighed and macerated with
200 ml of hexane separately and kept overnight in shaker. The
extract was collected after filtration using Whatman No:1
filter paper and was stored. Another 200 ml of ethyl acetate
was added to the residual mixture and incubated in shaker for
24 hours and the extract was collected again using a Whatman
No:1 filter paper. This procedure was repeated once again
with methanol and the extract was evaporated (Manjamalai
2011), which was used for further phytochemical analysis,
antimicrobial activity and anticancer activity.
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