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ALS
Advanced Logistic Systems
DESIGN OF EXPERIMENTS AND SIX SIGMA METHODS IN
LOGISTICS
Elke Glistau
1
, Norge I. Coello Machado
2
1
Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg
2
Universidad Central „Marta Abreu“ de Las Villas
Abstract: More and more factors have an influence on effectiveness and efficiency in logistical
processes and systems. An important question of science is to identify the most important factors of
control complex logistical processes and systems, to know their levels and influences to control all
things in a right manner. To find the optimum in control there are often a lot of experiments to realize –
practical and theoretical ones. In this field are used the sensitivity analysis as well as simulation and the
Design of Experiments (DoE) too. This is necessary to fast prevent failures and solve problems early.
This task is not an easy one, especially in logistical networks where a failure can have a lot of causes.
In the following some of the connections between the both sciences Quality Management methods and
Logistics are discussed and examples are given to show the synergy and the greater effects which make
the synergy effect possible. (Compare [1] [2]) Two special areas of methods are focused in this paper:
Methods of DoE and of Six Sigma.
Keywords: Logistics, DoE, Design of Experiments, Six Sigma, Quality Management, methods
1. Quality Management methods in the Logistics area
The use of the well known QM-methods makes it possible to recognize failures and their
causes in order to analyze logistical processes and systems (Fig. 1).
Problem resolving techniques
Analytical methods Management methods
Line lists
Histograms
Pareto-
Diagrams
Lorenz-Pareto-
Diagrams
A
B
C
C
B
A
Cause-
effect -
Diagrams
Distribution
diagrams
(Correlation)
Capability
analysis
Affinity-
diagrams
Relations-
diagrams
Process
decision
diagrams
Arrow
diagrams
Matrix
diagrams
Preventive techniques
Quality Function
Deployment
QFD
Failure mode and effect
analysis
FMEA
Failure tree analysis
FTA
Statistical
research methods
classical
Taguchi
Shainin
1
2
3
4
A
B
C
?
Statistical process
control
SPC
Tree-
diagrams
Poka Yoke
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
+
+
-
-
+
Methods, processes and techniques of failure analysis
(with failure source inspection)
Problem resolving techniques
Analytical methods Management methods
Line lists
Histograms
Pareto-
Diagrams
Lorenz-Pareto-
Diagrams
A
B
C
C
B
A
Cause-
effect -
Diagrams
Distribution
diagrams
(Correlation)
Capability
analysis
Affinity-
diagrams
Relations-
diagrams
Process
decision
diagrams
Arrow
diagrams
Matrix
diagrams
Problem resolving techniques
Analytical methods Management methods
Line lists
Histograms
Pareto-
Diagrams
Lorenz-Pareto-
Diagrams
A
B
C
C
B
A
Cause-
effect -
Diagrams
Distribution
diagrams
(Correlation)
Capability
analysis
Affinity-
diagrams
Relations-
diagrams
Process
decision
diagrams
Arrow
diagrams
Matrix
diagrams
Preventive techniques
Quality Function
Deployment
QFD
Failure mode and effect
analysis
FMEA
Failure tree analysis
FTA
Statistical
research methods
classical
Taguchi
Shainin
1
2
3
4
A
B
C
?
Statistical process
control
SPC
Tree-
diagrams
Poka Yoke
+
-
-
+
-
-
+
+
+
-
-
+
Methods, processes and techniques of failure analysis
(with failure source inspection)
Figure 1. Overview of some important quality management methods [3]